Dental Technician Course 4 Years
Admission Fee Tk 30500/-
Monthly Fee Tk 3500/-
Total Course Fee Tk 1,98,500/-
Total Subject 30, Total Exam Marks 3000, Total Semester 8 (Eight)
Subjects for Dental Technician Course 4 Years:
1. Human Anatomy and Physiology
2. Pharmacology
3. Anatomy of the Head and Neck
4. Dental Anatomy & Physiology
5. Dental Pathology
6. Neuro Anatomy and Physiology
7. Dental Surgery-1
8. Dental Pharmacology
9. First Aid OTC Drugs
10. Study of OTC Drugs
11. Dental Surgery-2
12. Microbiology
13. Dental Infectious Disease
14. Hematology and Pathology
15. Dental Sterilization
Human Anatomy and Physiology
Human anatomy is the scientific study of the human body's structures, ranging from the smallest cells to the largest organs and systems. It is a foundational science for medicine and is often studied in conjunction with physiology, which examines the function of these structures.
Subdivisions of human anatomy
Anatomy is typically studied by dividing the body into different levels of organization, from the macro to the micro scale.
Gross (macroscopic) anatomy: The study of body structures visible to the naked eye. It is further divided into:
Systemic anatomy: The study of the structures that make up a discrete body system, such as the respiratory or nervous system.
Regional anatomy: The study of all structures within a specific region of the body, such as the head, neck, or chest.
Surface anatomy: The study of the external anatomical features and landmarks that can be observed on the body's surface. This allows medical professionals to gauge the position of deeper structures.
Microscopic anatomy: The study of anatomical structures too small to be seen without magnification. It is further divided into:
Cytology: The study of the structure and function of cells.
Histology: The study of the organization and details of tissues.
Developmental anatomy: The study of the development of the human body from fertilization to adulthood. A major part of this is embryology, which studies the formation and development of an embryo.
The 11 organ systems of the human body
The body's structures are organized into 11 major organ systems, each performing specific functions vital for life.
Dental Anatomy and Physiology
Dental anatomy is the field of study dedicated to the structure, development, and function of teeth, as well as the surrounding supporting tissues. This includes the classification of teeth into different types and understanding their parts.
Tooth Structures and Tissues
Each tooth is comprised of two main anatomical parts: the crown and the root, which are made of four primary tissues.
Structure
Description
Crown
The visible portion of the tooth above the gum line, covered by enamel.
Root
The portion embedded within the jawbone (alveolar bone), covered by cementum, which anchors the tooth in place.
Enamel
The hardest substance in the human body, a highly mineralized outer layer that protects the crown from wear and tear.
Dentin
A bone-like tissue that makes up the bulk of the tooth structure, located beneath the enamel and cementum. It contains microscopic tubules that transmit sensory information to the pulp.
Pulp
The innermost soft tissue core of the tooth, containing blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. It provides nourishment and sensory function to the tooth.
Cementum
A thin, hard, bonelike layer covering the root surface, which the periodontal ligament fibers attach to, securing the tooth to the bone.
Supporting Tissues (Periodontium):
Alveolar bone: The jawbone that forms the sockets (alveoli) holding the teeth.
Periodontal ligament: A network of connective tissue fibers that attaches the cementum of the tooth root to the alveolar bone, acting as a shock absorber during chewing.
Gingiva (gums): The pink soft tissue that surrounds the necks of the teeth and forms a protective seal against bacteria.
Types of Teeth and Functions
Humans have two sets of teeth during their lifetime: 20 primary (deciduous or "baby") teeth and up to 32 permanent (adult) teeth. These are classified into four main types, each with a specific function in mastication:
Incisors: The four front teeth in both the upper and lower jaws, designed with a thin, sharp edge for cutting and biting into food.
Canines: Located next to the incisors, these pointed "cornerstone" teeth are used for tearing and grasping food. They have the longest roots of all teeth.
Premolars (Bicuspids): Found only in permanent dentition (adults have eight), they are located behind the canines and have a flat surface with cusps for crushing and grinding food.
Molars: The largest and strongest teeth at the back of the mouth, with broad, flat chewing surfaces and multiple cusps for the final stages of grinding and chewing food into smaller pieces for digestion.
Dental Microbiology
Dental microbiology is the study of microorganisms in the oral cavity and their relationship to oral health and disease. It examines the diverse community of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that live in the mouth, which can be beneficial or pathogenic. This field helps in diagnosing and treating oral infections like dental caries and periodontal disease by understanding how microbes interact with each other and the host.
The oral microbiome
The oral cavity is home to over 700 species of microorganisms, including commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microbes.
These microbes form complex communities in different areas of the mouth, such as on teeth, gums, tongue, and in saliva.
Dental plaque, a type of biofilm, is a key structure where many oral microbes reside.
Key oral diseases and their microbial causes
Dental caries (cavities): Caused by acid-producing bacteria, primarily Streptococcus mutans, which metabolize sugars and demineralize tooth enamel.
Periodontal disease (gum disease): Associated with anaerobic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, which cause inflammation and tissue destruction in the gums.
Oral thrush: A fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans and other Candida species.
Herpetic gingivostomatitis: A viral infection caused by the Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1).
Clinical applications
Diagnosis: Dental microbiology is used to identify the specific microorganisms causing an infection, which is crucial for effective treatment.
Treatment: It helps guide the selection of appropriate antimicrobial drugs for bacterial infections, antiviral medications for viral infections, and antifungals for fungal infections.
Prevention: Understanding the role of microbes in oral diseases informs strategies for prevention, such as promoting good oral hygiene, reducing sugar intake, and using fluoride treatments.
