Dental Technician Course 3 Years

Dental Technician Course 3 Years

Dental Technician Course 3 Years
Admission Fee Tk 25500/-
Monthly Fee Tk 3500/-
Total Course Fee Tk 1,52,500/-

Total Subject 24, Total Exam Marks 2400, Total Semester 6 (Six)

Hostel & Meal Facilities in HRTD Medical Institute

The Institute has hostel facilities for the students. Students can take a bed in the hostel. 

Hostel Fee Tk 3000/- Per Month

Meal Charges Tk 3000/- Per Month.

হোস্টেল ও খাবার সুবিধা 

ইনস্টিটিউটে শিক্ষার্থীদের জন্য হোস্টেল সুবিধা রয়েছে। ছাত্ররা হোস্টেলে বিছানা নিতে পারে। 

হোস্টেল ফি 3000/- টাকা প্রতি মাসে,

খাবারের চার্জ 3000/- টাকা প্রতি মাসে।

Subjects for Dental Technician Course 3 Years:

1. Human Anatomy and Physiology

2. Pharmacology 

3. Anatomy of the Head and Neck

4. Dental Anatomy & Physiology

5. Dental Pathology 

6. Neuro Anatomy and Physiology 

7. Dental Surgery-1 

8. Dental Pharmacology

9. First Aid OTC Drugs 

10. Study of OTC Drugs 

11. Dental Surgery-2

12. Microbiology

13. Dental Infectious Disease 

14. Hematology and Pathology

15. Dental Sterilization and More 9 Subjects.

Practical for Dental Technician Course 3 Years

Dental Scaling Procedure, Dental Filling Procedure, Root Canal Treatment Procedure, Flexible Denture Procedure, Tooth Whitening Procedure, 

Human Anatomy and Physiology

Human anatomy is the scientific study of the human body's structures, ranging from the smallest cells to the largest organs and systems. It is a foundational science for medicine and is often studied in conjunction with physiology, which examines the function of these structures. 

Subdivisions of human anatomy

Anatomy is typically studied by dividing the body into different levels of organization, from the macro to the micro scale. 

• Gross (macroscopic) anatomy: The study of body structures visible to the naked eye. It is further divided into:
  • Systemic anatomy: The study of the structures that make up a discrete body system, such as the respiratory or nervous system.
  • Regional anatomy: The study of all structures within a specific region of the body, such as the head, neck, or chest.
  • Surface anatomy: The study of the external anatomical features and landmarks that can be observed on the body's surface. This allows medical professionals to gauge the position of deeper structures.
• Microscopic anatomy: The study of anatomical structures too small to be seen without magnification. It is further divided into:
  • Cytology: The study of the structure and function of cells.
  • Histology: The study of the organization and details of tissues.
• Developmental anatomy: The study of the development of the human body from fertilization to adulthood. A major part of this is embryology, which studies the formation and development of an embryo. 

The 11 organ systems of the human body

The body's structures are organized into 11 major organ systems, each performing specific functions vital for life. 

Dental Anatomy and Physiology

Dental anatomy is the field of study dedicated to the structure, development, and function of teeth, as well as the surrounding supporting tissues. This includes the classification of teeth into different types and understanding their parts. 

Tooth Structures and Tissues

Each tooth is comprised of two main anatomical parts: the crown and the root, which are made of four primary tissues. 

Supporting Tissues (Periodontium): 

• Alveolar bone: The jawbone that forms the sockets (alveoli) holding the teeth.
• Periodontal ligament: A network of connective tissue fibers that attaches the cementum of the tooth root to the alveolar bone, acting as a shock absorber during chewing.
• Gingiva (gums): The pink soft tissue that surrounds the necks of the teeth and forms a protective seal against bacteria. 

Types of Teeth and Functions

Humans have two sets of teeth during their lifetime: 20 primary (deciduous or "baby") teeth and up to 32 permanent (adult) teeth. These are classified into four main types, each with a specific function in mastication: 

• Incisors: The four front teeth in both the upper and lower jaws, designed with a thin, sharp edge for cutting and biting into food.
• Canines: Located next to the incisors, these pointed "cornerstone" teeth are used for tearing and grasping food. They have the longest roots of all teeth.
• Premolars (Bicuspids): Found only in permanent dentition (adults have eight), they are located behind the canines and have a flat surface with cusps for crushing and grinding food.
• Molars: The largest and strongest teeth at the back of the mouth, with broad, flat chewing surfaces and multiple cusps for the final stages of grinding and chewing food into smaller pieces for digestion. 

Dental Microbiology

Dental microbiology is the study of microorganisms in the oral cavity and their relationship to oral health and disease. It examines the diverse community of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that live in the mouth, which can be beneficial or pathogenic. This field helps in diagnosing and treating oral infections like dental caries and periodontal disease by understanding how microbes interact with each other and the host. 

The oral microbiome

• The oral cavity is home to over 700 species of microorganisms, including commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microbes.
• These microbes form complex communities in different areas of the mouth, such as on teeth, gums, tongue, and in saliva.
• Dental plaque, a type of biofilm, is a key structure where many oral microbes reside. 

Key oral diseases and their microbial causes

• Dental caries (cavities): Caused by acid-producing bacteria, primarily Streptococcus mutans, which metabolize sugars and demineralize tooth enamel.
• Periodontal disease (gum disease): Associated with anaerobic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, which cause inflammation and tissue destruction in the gums.
• Oral thrush: A fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans and other Candida species.
• Herpetic gingivostomatitis: A viral infection caused by the Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). 

Clinical applications

• Diagnosis: Dental microbiology is used to identify the specific microorganisms causing an infection, which is crucial for effective treatment.
• Treatment: It helps guide the selection of appropriate antimicrobial drugs for bacterial infections, antiviral medications for viral infections, and antifungals for fungal infections.
• Prevention: Understanding the role of microbes in oral diseases informs strategies for prevention, such as promoting good oral hygiene, reducing sugar intake, and using fluoride treatments. 

Dental Surgery

Dental surgery involves procedures on the teeth, gums, jaw, and surrounding structures, performed to treat diseases, injuries, or deformities. Common procedures include tooth extractions, dental implants, and surgeries for gum disease. While general dentists perform some surgeries, more complex cases are handled by specialists like oral surgeons.  

Common dental surgical procedures

• Dental Implants: 

  A restorative procedure to replace missing teeth by surgically placing a post into the jawbone to act as an artificial tooth root. 

• Periodontal Surgery: 

  Procedures to treat gum disease (periodontitis), which can include gum grafting. 

• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: 

  A specialty that addresses defects, injuries, and diseases of the jaws and face. This can include corrective jaw surgery and bone augmentation. 

• Endodontic Surgery: 

  Procedures on the root or pulp of the tooth, such as an apicoectomy if a standard root canal is insufficient. 

• Tooth Extraction: 

  Necessary when a tooth is damaged, impacted, or can't be saved by other treatments. Surgical extraction is required when bone or tissue needs to be cut to remove the tooth. 

What to expect

• Anesthesia: 

  Procedures are performed with local, sedation, or general anesthesia to manage pain. 

• Outpatient procedures: 

  Most dental surgeries are outpatient procedures, but more complex cases may be performed in a hospital setting. 

• Healing: 

  Recovery times vary by procedure, with some requiring a period of healing for bone growth before the final restoration is placed. 

Dental Microbiology

Dental microbiology is the study of the microorganisms that live in the oral cavity, including their interactions with each other and the human host. These microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and others, form complex communities in saliva, teeth, and gums, and are essential for maintaining oral health by preventing disease and protecting against harmful organisms. An imbalance in this microbiota, caused by factors like diet, hygiene, and systemic diseases, can lead to oral infections and contribute to systemic diseases. 

Oral microbiota and its roles

• Composition: The oral cavity hosts a diverse community of over 700 microbial species, including bacteria from genera like Streptococcus, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium.
• Homeostasis: A balanced oral microbiota is crucial for maintaining oral health and preventing disease development.
• Biofilms: Microbes often exist in biofilms on teeth and gums, creating a protective environment that helps them resist being washed away by saliva.
• Core vs. variable microbiota: The oral microbiota includes a core group of microbes consistent across individuals and a variable group that differs based on lifestyle and genetics. 

Factors that affect the oral microbiota

• Diet: High-sugar diets can lead to dental caries by promoting the growth of harmful bacteria like S. mutans, while fibrous foods can help maintain balance.
• Hygiene: Poor oral hygiene can disrupt the microbial balance, leading to an increase in pathogenic organisms.
• Lifestyle: Factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption can alter the oral microbiota and increase the risk of dental and systemic diseases.
• Systemic diseases: Conditions like diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis can increase inflammation in the gums, altering the microbiota and increasing the risk of periodontitis.
• Medications: Antibiotics can change the composition of the oral microbiota. 

Dental diseases and systemic health

• Dental caries: A sugar-rich diet can lead to dental caries by promoting the growth of acid-producing bacteria like S. mutans.
• Periodontal diseases: Imbalances in the oral microbiota can lead to infections of the gums and surrounding tissues.
• Systemic diseases: The oral microbiota can influence systemic health. Bacteria from the mouth can enter the bloodstream and are linked to conditions such as cardiovascular disease, pneumonia, and certain cancers. 

Dental Scaling Procedure

A dental scaling procedure removes plaque and tartar (calculus) from teeth, using ultrasonic tools or hand scalers to clean above and below the gumline, often followed by root planing (smoothing roots) for gum disease. It's a deep cleaning that prevents decay and gum disease, sometimes requiring a local anesthetic for comfort, and ends with polishing to make teeth smooth and resistant to future buildup. 

What happens during the procedure:

1. Examination: The dentist first checks for tartar buildup to determine the extent of cleaning needed.
2. Numbing (if needed): A topical gel or local anesthetic is applied to numb the gums, especially for deep cleanings (scaling & root planing).
3. Scaling:
   • Ultrasonic scaler: A vibrating metal tip uses high-pressure water to break up and flush away deposits.
   • Hand scalers: Small, hook-shaped instruments manually scrape off stubborn plaque and tartar.
4. Root planing (for deep cleaning): After scaling, the roots are smoothed to help gums reattach to the teeth and prevent bacteria from gathering.
5. Polishing: A rotating brush with cleaning paste or an air-powder spray smooths the tooth surfaces, removing stains and making them harder for plaque to stick to. 

When it's done:

• Regular cleaning (prophylaxis): For healthy gums, above the gumline.
• Deep cleaning (Scaling & Root Planing - SRP): For gum disease (periodontitis) to clean deep pockets below the gumline. 

Key benefits:

• Removes bacteria that cause gum disease (gingivitis, periodontitis).
• Stops gum disease from progressing, reducing bleeding, swelling, and bad breath.
• Leaves teeth feeling smooth, clean, and glossy.