Veterinary Pharmacy Course 6 Months

Veterinary Pharmacy Course 6 Months

Veterinary Pharmacy Course 6 Months
Admission Fee Tk 10500/-
Monthly Fee Tk 3000/- 
Exam Fee Tk 2000/-
Total Course Fee Tk 30500/-

Subjects for Veterinary Pharmacy Course 6 Months 

1. Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology 

2. Veterinary Pharmacology-1 

3. Veterinary First Aid and OTC Drugs 

4. Veterinary Medicine for the Treatment of the Digestive System

5. Veterinary Medicine for the Treatment of the Respiratory System

Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology

Veterinary Anatomy is the scientific study of animal body structures, from cells and tissues to organs and systems, crucial for understanding function, health, disease, and treatment in various species (domestic, wild, food animals). It involves different branches like Gross Anatomy (naked-eye structures), Histology (microscopic), Comparative Anatomy (species differences), Embryology (development), and Applied Anatomy (clinical use), forming the foundation for veterinary medicine, diagnosis, and surgery. 

Key Branches & Concepts

• Gross Anatomy (Macroscopic): Study of large structures visible without magnification (bones, muscles, organs).
• Histology (Microscopic): Study of tissues and cells using microscopes.
• Comparative Anatomy: Compares structures across different animal species (e.g., horse, dog, cat, fowl) to understand variations and classifications, notes vet books. ir.
• Embryology: Study of developmental anatomy from conception to birth.
• Applied Anatomy: Uses anatomical knowledge for clinical problem-solving, surgery, and diagnosis, according to say Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, and vetbooks ir. 

Veterinary physiology is the scientific study of the functional dynamics of animal biological systems. It serves as a foundational pillar of veterinary medicine, exploring how various organs, tissues, and cells interact to maintain homeostasis—the body's stable internal environment. 

Core Body Systems

Veterinary physiology focuses on the normal functions of several critical systems across different species: 

• Cardiovascular System: Study of the heart as a pump, blood pressure control, and the transport of oxygen and nutrients through blood.
• Respiratory System: Mechanisms of gas exchange, pulmonary function, and how animals adapt to environments with varying oxygen levels.
• Digestive System: Examination of mechanical and chemical digestion across monogastric animals (e.g., dogs, pigs) and ruminants (e.g., cattle, sheep).
• Endocrine System: Regulation of growth, metabolism, and reproduction through hormone secretion from glands like the pituitary and thyroid.
• Reproductive System: Processes of gamete development, fertilization, gestation, and lactation.
• Nervous System: Coordination of bodily functions through neurons and synapses, including sensory perception and motor control. 

Specialized Branches

The field includes several sub-disciplines that address specific animal needs: 

• Comparative Physiology: Examines how physiological processes differ between species, such as the unique water-conservation mechanisms in camels or the blue blood of octopuses.
• Environmental Physiology: Investigates how animals adapt to extreme conditions, including thermoregulation in desert or arctic habitats.
• Pathophysiology: The study of abnormal functions caused by disease, which is essential for accurate veterinary diagnosis and treatment. 

Veterinary Pharmacology

Veterinary pharmacology is the study of how drugs affect animals, covering their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) (pharmacokinetics) and their effects on the body (pharmacodynamics) across diverse species, aiming for safe, effective, and individualized treatments for diseases, addressing factors like species, age, and resistance to ensure animal health and public safety (e.g., zoonotic risks). It's a vital branch of veterinary medicine, involving research, drug development, clinical application, and regulatory aspects for pets, livestock, wildlife, and even aquatic animals. 

Key Areas & Concepts:

• Pharmacokinetics (PK): What the animal's body does to the drug (ADME).
• Pharmacodynamics (PD): What the drug does to the animal (mechanisms, effects, toxicity).
• Comparative Pharmacology: Understanding species-specific differences in drug responses (e.g., dogs, cats, horses, livestock).
• Toxicology: Studying adverse effects, poisons, and contaminants.
• Individualization: Tailoring doses based on species, genetics (pharmacogenetics/genomics), and health status.
• Antimicrobial Resistance: A major focus, especially in food animals, impacting treatment options.
• Regulatory Science: Ensuring drug safety and efficacy for approval. 

Veterinary First Aid

Veterinary first aid focuses on immediate, calming actions to stabilize an injured pet before reaching the vet, emphasizing safety (muzzle if needed, stay calm), assessing ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation), controlling severe bleeding with direct pressure or bandages, performing CPR if necessary (30:2 ratio), and careful transport, while always having a well-stocked kit (gauze, tape, saline, gloves, etc.) and contacting your vet immediately for serious issues like deep wounds or suspected fractures. 

Key Steps in an Emergency (Dr. ABCs)

1. Danger: Secure the scene; your safety and the pet's safety come first. Muzzle a painful dog to prevent bites.
2. Response: Check if the pet responds to voice or touch.
3. Airway: Gently extend the head and neck (unless trauma is suspected) and check for obstructions in the mouth.
4. Breathing: Watch for chest rise; if not breathing, give rescue breaths (20/min for dogs) after clearing the airway, covering nose/mouth.
5. Circulation (Bleeding/Pulse): Apply firm, direct pressure to wounds with gauze/towel; use a pressure bandage if needed. Elevate limbs for venous bleeding. 

Essential First Aid Kit Items

• Gauze, vet wrap, adhesive tape, scissors, gloves, tweezers, saline, muzzle, blanket/towel, instant cold pack, and your vet's contact info. 

When to See a Vet (Immediately)

• Deep or large wounds, severe bleeding, suspected broken bones, poisoning, loss of consciousness, difficulty breathing, or if the pet seems very painful. 

Veterinary OTC Drugs 

Over-the-counter (OTC) veterinary drugs are medications that can be purchased without a prescription from a licensed veterinarian. They include both products formulated specifically for animals (like oxytetracycline powder for livestock) and certain human OTC medications that veterinarians may suggest for use in pets in specific situations. 

Important Considerations

Always consult a veterinarian before administering any medication to an animal, even an OTC product. This is crucial because: 

• Proper diagnosis is necessary to ensure the drug is appropriate for the condition.
• Dosages for animals differ significantly from human doses.
• Certain human medications safe for some animals can be highly toxic to others (e.g., acetaminophen is toxic to cats).
• Food-producing animals may have mandatory withdrawal periods for meat and milk after certain drug administrations to ensure food safety. 

Common OTC Veterinary Products and Human OTCs Used in Animals 

Veterinary OTC products often target common issues in livestock and poultry, while some human OTC medications are used off-label for pets under veterinary guidance. 

Veterinary-Specific OTCs

• Oxytetracycline (OTC Vet): A broad-spectrum antibiotic widely used in poultry, cattle, sheep, goats, and fish to treat and prevent various bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, fowl cholera, and foot-rot. It is available in powders, tablets, and injectables.
• Topical Treatments: Products like iodine solutions, chlorhexidine washes, and udder balms are used for wound disinfection and skin conditions.
• Antidiarrheal Products: Examples include kaolin-pectin, used to manage diarrhea and absorb toxins.
• Respiratory Aids: Menthol-based inhalants can help relieve congestion in animal housing. 

Human OTCs Sometimes Used for Pets (Strictly with Vet Guidance)